Incorporating inventories into supply and demand analysis

While the paper lacks a formal abstract, it draws the important distinction between stocks and flows in supply and demand to better understand the business cycle

Incorporating inventories into supply and demand analysis

While the paper lacks a formal abstract, it draws the important distinction between stocks and flows in supply and demand to better understand the business cycle.Inventories; supply and demand; business cycles; stocks versus flows

Dynamic gas flow during plasma operation in TMX-U

Control of the neutral density outside of the plasma radius is essential for proper operation of the various plasma configurations in TMX-U. TMX-U excess-beam, stream-gun, gas-box, and beam-reflux gases are pumped internally in regions defined by 73/sup 0/ Ti-gettered liners and warm Ti-gettered plasma liners. The array of fast and slow ion gauges - a large TMX-U diagnostic - has been used to measure the dynamic pressure in many of the liner-defined regions on three time scales. The natural divertor action, or plasma pump effect, of mirror plasmas has been measured using the ion gauge diagnostics on a fast time scale during operation of TMX-U with ECRH start-up. Routine operation of TMX-U is enhanced by the ability to verify the effectiveness of gettering and to locate leaks using pressure data collected on the two slow time scales. A computer code, DYNAVAC 6, which treats TMX-U as a set of conductance-coupled regions with pumping and sources in each region, has been used to successfully model the overall gas dynamics during all phases of TMX-U operation

A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial Assessing a Novel Lysine-Derived Urethane Adhesive in a Large Flap Surgical Procedure without Drains

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a lysine-derived urethane adhesive as a noninvasive alternative to closed suction drains in a commonly performed large flap surgical procedure.MethodsOne hundred thirty subjects undergoing abdominoplasty at five centers were prospectively randomized to standard flap closure with surgical drains (Control group) or a lysine-derived urethane adhesive (Treatment group) without drains. The primary outcome measured was the number of post-operative procedures, including drain removals (as the event marking the use of a surgical drain) and needle aspirations. Secondary endpoints included total wound drainage, cumulative days of treatment, and days to drain removal. A patient questionnaire evaluating quality of life measures was also administered.ResultsSubjects in the Treatment group required significantly fewer post-operative procedures compared to the Control group (1.8±3.8 vs. 2.4±1.2 procedures; p<0.0001) and fewer cumulative days of treatment (1.6±0.4 vs. 7.3±3.3; p<0.0001). A procedure to address fluid accumulation was required for only 27.3% of the subjects in the Treatment group versus 100% of Control group, which by study design required the use of drains. The mean duration of use of indwelling surgical drains for the Control group was 6.9±3.3days. All fluid collections treated with percutaneous aspiration were resolved and there were no unanticipated adverse events.ConclusionThe results of the study support that the use of a lysine-derived urethane adhesive is a safe and effective alternative to drains in patients undergoing a common large flap surgical procedure.Level of Evidence IThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266

The statistical neuroanatomy of frontal networks in the macaque

We were interested in gaining insight into the functional properties of frontal networks based upon their anatomical inputs. We took a neuroinformatics approach, carrying out maximum likelihood hierarchical cluster analysis on 25 frontal cortical areas based upon their anatomical connections, with 68 input areas representing exterosensory, chemosensory, motor, limbic, and other frontal inputs. The analysis revealed a set of statistically robust clusters. We used these clusters to divide the frontal areas into 5 groups, including ventral-lateral, ventral-medial, dorsal-medial, dorsal-lateral, and caudal-orbital groups. Each of these groups was defined by a unique set of inputs. This organization provides insight into the differential roles of each group of areas and suggests a gradient by which orbital and ventral-medial areas may be responsible for decision-making processes based on emotion and primary reinforcers, and lateral frontal areas are more involved in integrating affective and rational information into a common framework